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Sharphead band
The Sharphead band was an indigenous people of what is now central Alberta, which was a part of the Stoney (Nakoda) ethno-linguistic group and was party to Treaty 6 (1878) with the Canadian Crown. The Sharphead were devastated by hunger and disease and ceased to exist as a separate people after 1897 when their reserve lands were taken by the Canadian government and the few remaining survivors were dispersed to live with other neighbouring First Nations.
== Post-contact history ==
Following their entry into treaty, the Sharphead people continued to live a traditional nomadic lifestyle until 1885 when the Sharphead Indian Reserve No.141 was created within the District of Alberta, Northwest Territories (later the Province of Alberta) under the terms of the ''Indian Act''. As surveyed in October 1885, the reserve had an area of along the Battle River and Wolf Creek, and included a Methodist mission.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/databases/indian-reserves/001004-119.02-e.php?&isn_id_nbr=1938&interval=50&page_sequence_nbr=1&&PHPSESSID=vghgimbut6l8g7mcqlssdkf7c2 )〕
Between 1886 and 1893 the band was devastated by smallpox, crop failures, and declining hunting. During that time, more than half of the population is estimated to have died, while the survivors dispersed and moved to other reserves. The band was deemed to be extinct by the federal government and the reserve land was surrendered in 1897 and divided into homesteads for Euro-Canadian settlers.〔 Oral history among local peoples has circulated the idea that the Sharphead were deliberately killed by government officials via infected blankets or tainted meat in an act of "genocide", an accusation voiced in 2014 by Kurt Buffalo, a Sharphead descendant and chief of the nearby Samson Cree Nation. However, there is no historical evidence for or against this theory according to Roger Epp, vice-provost of academics at the University of Alberta. Historical records around the Sharphead are very sparse and it was not until the mid-1970s that researchers were able to trace Sharphead descendants to 15 neighbouring bands.
The movement towards securing a surrender of the land seems to have been initiated by Hayter Reed first as Indian Commissioner, then, after 1893, as Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs. As well, outside pressure from Frank Oliver, a prominent Edmonton Liberal, publisher of the ''Edmonton Bulletin'' and future cabinet minister, seems to have played a part, according to a 1998 report by Peggy Martin-McGuire for the Indian Claims Commission.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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